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英语主谓一致的详细讲解。

2024-09-07 02:18:33 编辑:join 浏览量:585

问题补充说明:具体的介绍一下有关主谓一致的知识点,最好能有例子

英语主谓一致的详细讲解。

主谓一致的360问答基本原则

主谓一致民快威有以下三条原则:

1)各燃它始祖谁衡台验格袁语法一致原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。例如,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。

例如:Thestudentsareveryyoung.Thispictureloo代增合社合抗没ksbeautiful.

2)意义一致原则,即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式;而有些主语形式虽是复器早零数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采取单数形式。

1.Thepeopleinthatcountryarefightingforindependence.

2.Thecro都危错协府入基wddeeplyrespe洲确cttheirleader. 

3.Threeyearsinastrangelands缺因盟题记你药认早斯eemsalongtime.

3)就近原则,即谓语动词的尔乐洲节制酒供非复固单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的抓伟周词语。例如:

NeitherhenorIamgoingtoseethefilmtonightbecausewearebusy.

2.主谓一致的用法

根据以上三条原则,主谓一致有如下用法:

1)下列结构作主语溶斤希析终脱镇处去,谓语动词一般用被连配够考收层万那难卷单数形式

a.表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语,谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:

1.Twohundredmilesisalong改春立极distance.

2.Tendollarsisahighpricefort烈类或你载少与hatbook.

b.由anyone,anything,anybo区因言非dy,noone,nothing,everyone,everybody,everything,someone,从四解吸体起很普运功搞somebody,each,either,neit源纸盐五酸降鸡展her等不定代词作主语,谓语动词使用单数形式。例如:

1.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.

2.Anythingisbetterthangoingtothemovietonight.

c.由“aseriesof,akindof,aportionof+名词”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式。例如:

Aseriesofdebatesisscheduledtobeheldnextweek.

d.由“manya,morethanone+单数名词”作主语,尽管意义上表示复数,但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。例如:

Manyapersoninthesecircumstanceshashopedforalongbreak.

Thereismorethanoneanswertoyourquestion.

e.“名词+and+名词”作主语,表示同一人、同一概念或事物时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

Awriterandeducatorisgivingalecturenow.(这个人既是作家又是教育家)

f."either(neither)+of+复数名词(或代词)"作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

1.Ifeitherofyoutakesavacationnow,wewillnotbeabletofinishthework.

2.Neitherofthemwantstocome.

g.在each…andeach…,every…andevery…等结构之后,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

Eachmanandeachwomanhastherighttovote.

h.动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:

WhatIwanttosayisnoneofyourbusiness.

Listeningtotheclassicalmusicisenjoyable.

i.以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时,如politics(政治学),mathematics(数学),statistics(统计学),acoustics(声学),linguistics(语言学)等,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

Mathematicsiswhathemajorsin.

2)下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词。

a.由“a11,none,no,most,half,thelast,therest,theremainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如:

Noneofthefoodiswasted.

Noneofthestudentswereabsent.

Therestofthelecturewasdull.

Therestofthebikeswereonsaleyesterday.

b.由"lotsof,heapsof,loadsOf,scadsof+名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如:

Lotsofworkistobedonethisweek.

Lotsofpeoplearegoingtoswimthisafternoon.

Thereisloadsofmilkonthefarm.

Thereareloadsofbigredapplesontheground.

Thereisheapsoffun.

c.由“分数或百分数十of+名词或代词”作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式。例如:

Three-quartersoftheareaiscultivated.

Ninetypercentofthestudentshavepassedtheexam.

3)下列结构作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定。

a.由“the+形容词”这种结构作主语,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果表示一类人(如therich,thepoor,theblind,thedeaf,thesick,theyoung,theold),谓语动词用复数形式;如果表示个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

Theblindaretaughttradesinspecialschools. (表示一类人)

Thegoodinhimoverweighsthebad. (表示抽象概念)

Thedepartedwasagoodfriendofhis. (表示个人)

b.family,crowd,committee,class,audience,group,government,team,public,majority,minority等集合名词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式应根据意义而定。例如:

Thefamilyliketolistentothemusic.(thefamily指这家人,用作复数)

Thefamilyissmall.(thefamily指这个家庭,用作单数)

Thecommitteehasconsideredyourproposal.(thecommittee指委员会,用作单数)

Thecommitteewerearguingforanhourbeforetheygavetheirvotes. (thecommittee指委员会的委员们,用作复数)

下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般单复数均可。

a.以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时,谓语动词一般单复数均可。例如:

Fiveandsixmake/makeseleven.

Seventimestenareseventy.

但是:Twentyfromthirtyleavesten.

    Sixsevensareforty-two.

b.由"onein/outof+名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数均可。例如:

Oneintenwere/waspresent.

下列结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。

由and或both…and连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时,一般谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

Agirlandaboywanttogo.

Bothriceandwheataregrowninthatcountry.

6)下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式视具体情况而定。

a.由aswellas,togetherwith,besides,like,alongwith,withbut,except,accompaniedby,ratherthan,including连接两个名词作主语,谓语单复数形式应由连接词前的名词而定。例如:

Thepresidentofthecollege,togetherwiththedeans,isplanningaconferenceforthepurposeoflayingdowncertainregulations.

Theyoungmotherwithhertwochildreniscomingnow.

Theplantmanager,likemanytechnicians,isexperiencedindesigningnewproducts.

b.“名词+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致。例如:

Thepictureofthechildrenbringsbackmanymemoriesofmypastexperiences.

Theeffectsofcigarettesmokinghavebeenprovedtobeextremelyharmful.

c.由notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor或or连接的并列主语,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定。例如:

Heoryouhavetakenmypen.

Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.

Oneortwodaysareenoughtovisitthecity.

d.therebe句型中的谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于其后的真正主语的单复数形式。例如:

Thereisagardeninfrontofthehouse.

TherearetwothingsI'dliketosayhere.

7)关于几对容易混淆词组的一致用法

a.由"this/thatkind/typeof+名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;而由"these/thosekind/typeof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

1.Thiskindofapplesishighlypriced.

2.Thosekind(s)oftestsaregood. 

b.由“anumberof,atotalof,anaverageof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;由“thenumberof,thetotalof,theaverageof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

Anumberofstudentsarewaitingforthebus.

Thenumberofthestudentsinthisuniversityisincreasingyearly.

c.oneof,the(only)oneof的一致用法

Thisisoneofthebooksthathavebeenrecommended.

Thisisthe(only)oneofthebooksthathasbeenrecommended.

3.前后呼应的用法

1)当everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everything,anything,something,nothing等用作主语时,其相应的代词一般用单数形式。例如:

Ifanybodycalls,tellhimthatI'mout.

Somethingstrangehappened,didn'tit?

Everypassengerhastocarryhisownluggage.

2)人称代词与名词的呼应:人称代词I(me),he(him),she(her),it(it)都是代替前面的单数名词,而they(them),we(us)则是代替复数名词的,you既可以代表单数,也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时候,用he或one来表示。例如:

Ifayoungpersonentersaclassicalmusicfieldonlyformoney,heisinthewrongprofession.

Theleavesoftheredmaplearehighlypoisonoustohorsesandwheningestedcankillthemwithinfifteenhours。

3)物主代词与名词的呼应:my,our,his,her,its,their要与代替的名词在数上一致。例如:

Thewelfaredepartment,aswellastheothersocialservices,willhaveitsbudgetcut.

Delphinsarewarm-blooded;thatis,theirbodytemperaturealwaysstaysaboutthesame,regardlessofthesurroundings.

4)反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。

Manyprimitivepeoplebelievedthatbyeatingananimaltheycouldgetsomeofthegoodqualitiesofthatanimalforthemselves.

Everybodyclingstothisillusionabouthimself.

Ihavejustbeenouttogetmyselfacupoftea.

5)指示代词与所代名词间的呼应:this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词,these和those指代复数名词(those还可以用作先行词,引导定语从句,表示“那些人”)。例如:

Sheinvitedallthosewhohadbeenherformercolleagues.

Theamountofthepressurecausedbytheweightofacolumnoffluidisdeterminedbytheheightofthiscolumn.

6)much和muchof后接不可数名词,而many和manyof后接可数名词的复数。例如:

Thereisnotmuchcoalleft.

Agreatmanyofthehouseswereknockeddownbytheearthquake.

7)表示量的词后面有的接可数名词,有的接不可数名词。接可数名词的有:anumberof,arangeof,aseriesof十复数名词;接不可数名词的有:agreatdealof,anamountof十不可数名词;既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有:alotof,avarietyof。例如:

1.Thegovernmentattachedagreatdealofimportancetoeducation.

2.Quiteanumberofwomenappliedforthisjob.

3.Thecollegelibraryhasavarietyofbooks.

4.Anappleisavarietyoffruit.

5.Awiderangeofdisorderscanaffectthehumanmuscularsystem.

标签:主谓,讲解,英语

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